How a balloon mortgage works
A balloon mortgage has payments figured as if the loan ran for a long term, often 30 years, but the loan actually ends much sooner, commonly after 5, 7 or 10 years. At that point everything still owed is due at once: the balloon payment. The monthly payments are the same as a regular loan's, but only part of the principal has been paid when the balloon arrives.
The CFPB describes a balloon payment as a large, one-time payment at the end of the loan term, and warns that if you can't make it, you could lose your home.
How big is the balloon?
The calculator works out the regular payment over the full amortization term (the number of years the payments are figured over), exactly as for a fixed-rate loan:
M = P × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)−n)
It then runs the schedule payment by payment until the balloon date. The balloon is the balance left after the regular payments made so far:
B = P(1 + r)k − M × ((1 + r)k − 1) ÷ r
where P is the amount borrowed, r the monthly rate, M the monthly payment, n the payments in the full term and k the number of payments before the balloon. The schedule is worked in whole cents, so the balloon shown is the exact balance after the last regular payment, and that final payment in the schedule includes both. See how we calculate for the rounding.
Example: 5, 7 and 10 years to the balloon
A $320,000 loan at 6.5%, amortized over 30 years, has a payment of $2,022.62 a month in principal and interest. How much you still owe depends on when the balloon comes due:
- 5 years: a balloon of $299,554.97, after about $100,900 of interest.
- 7 years: a balloon of $289,331.75, after about $139,200 of interest. Only about $30,700, under 10% of the loan, has been repaid.
- 10 years: a balloon of $271,283.24, after about $194,000 of interest.
Early payments on a 30-year schedule are mostly interest, which is why the balance falls so slowly. In the 7-year case you pay $169,900.08 over 84 payments, and more than four fifths of it is interest.
Example: a shorter amortization term
Some balloon loans are figured over a shorter term. The same $320,000 at 6.5% amortized over 15 years, with the balloon still due after 7 years, has a payment of $2,787.54 a month, about $765 more. In exchange, the balloon is $208,239.95, about $81,100 smaller, and interest over the 7 years is about $122,400 instead of $139,200. Change the loan term in the form to try your own.
Shrinking the balloon with extra payments
Extra principal comes straight off the balance, so it lowers the balloon by more than you put in, because the money stops costing interest right away. On the 7-year example, $200 extra every month, $16,800 in all, makes the balloon $268,129.04: about $21,200 smaller. You can also put a one-time amount on any payment in the schedule, such as a bonus or tax refund.
The extra payment calculator explains extra payments in more detail.
Planning for the balloon
If you plan to sell or refinance before the balloon comes due, that plan carries risk: if rates rise or the home's value falls, refinancing can cost more or be unavailable. The CFPB notes that refinancing may be an option, but it depends on your home's value and your finances at the time. Know your plan, and a fallback, well before the date.
Pitfalls and things to check
- The balloon date is fixed. Unlike an adjustable rate, it doesn't depend on the market. The full amount is due whether or not a refinance or sale has come through.
- Refinance costs. A new loan to pay the balloon has its own closing costs and today's rate at that time. The refinance calculator can help you compare.
- Qualified Mortgage rules. A loan with a balloon payment generally can't be a Qualified Mortgage, except under specific conditions for some small lenders.
- Fixed rate assumed. The calculator keeps the rate the same until the balloon. Check your loan's terms on its Loan Estimate, which shows whether it has a balloon payment.
- Tax and insurance are extra. Add them in the form to see your full monthly cost.
Common questions
How do I calculate a balloon payment?
Work out the regular payment over the full amortization term, then find the balance after the number of payments made before the balloon date. The formula above does it in one step; the calculator does it payment by payment.
Is the monthly payment on a balloon loan lower?
Not compared with a regular loan over the same amortization term and rate: it's the same payment. It's lower than a loan that fully repays over the shorter balloon period would need.
What happens if I can't pay the balloon?
You would need to refinance, sell or pay it from other money. If none of those work, the CFPB warns you could lose your home to foreclosure. Talk to your lender well before the date.
Can I pay a balloon loan off early?
Check your loan for a prepayment penalty first. Extra payments lower the balloon; enough of them can pay the loan off before it's due.
How does a balloon loan compare with a fixed-rate loan?
Up to the balloon date, the payments and balance are the same as a fixed-rate loan with the same rate and term. The difference is that the fixed-rate loan keeps going. Use the loan comparison to set them side by side.